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      <h1 id="SpringBoot-01-HelloWorld"><a href="#SpringBoot-01-HelloWorld" class="headerlink" title="SpringBoot-01-HelloWorld"></a>SpringBoot-01-HelloWorld</h1><h2 id="1-SpringBoot简介"><a href="#1-SpringBoot简介" class="headerlink" title="1. SpringBoot简介"></a>1. SpringBoot简介</h2><h3 id="1-1-回顾什么是Spring"><a href="#1-1-回顾什么是Spring" class="headerlink" title="1.1 回顾什么是Spring"></a>1.1 回顾什么是Spring</h3><p>Spring是一个开源框架，2003 年兴起的一个轻量级的Java 开发框架，作者：Rod Johnson  。</p>
<p><strong>Spring是为了解决企业级应用开发的复杂性而创建的，简化开发</strong></p>
<a id="more"></a>



<h3 id="1-2-Spring是如何简化Java开发的"><a href="#1-2-Spring是如何简化Java开发的" class="headerlink" title="1.2 Spring是如何简化Java开发的"></a>1.2 Spring是如何简化Java开发的</h3><p>为了降低Java开发的复杂性，Spring采用了以下四种关键策略：</p>
<ol>
<li>基于pojo的轻量级和最小侵入性编程，所有东西都是Bean.</li>
<li>通过IOC，依赖注入（DI）和面向接口实现松耦合；</li>
<li>基于切面（AOP）和管理进行声明式编程；</li>
<li>通过切合和模板减少样式代码，RedisTemplate，xxxTemplate；</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="1-3-什么是SpringBoot"><a href="#1-3-什么是SpringBoot" class="headerlink" title="1.3 什么是SpringBoot"></a>1.3 什么是SpringBoot</h3><p>​    开发一个web应用，从最初开始接触Servlet结合Tomcat, 跑出一个Hello Wolrld程序，是要经历特别多的步骤；后来就用了框架Struts，再后来是SpringMVC，到了现在的SpringBoot，过一两年又会有其他web框架出现；</p>
<p>​    言归正传，什么是SpringBoot呢，就是一个javaweb的开发框架，和SpringMVC类似，对比其他javaweb框架的好处，官方说是简化开发，约定大于配置，  you can “just run”，能迅速的开发web应用，几行代码开发一个http接口。</p>
<p>​    所有的技术框架的发展似乎都遵循了一条主线规律：从一个复杂应用场景 衍生 一种规范框架，人们只需要进行各种配置而不需要自己去实现它，这时候强大的配置功能成了优点；发展到一定程度之后，人们根据实际生产应用情况，选取其中实用功能和设计精华，重构出一些轻量级的框架；之后为了提高开发效率，嫌弃原先的各类配置过于麻烦，于是开始提倡“约定大于配置”，进而衍生出一些一站式的解决方案。</p>
<p>​    是的这就是Java企业级应用-&gt;J2EE-&gt;spring-&gt;springboot的过程。</p>
<p>​    随着 Spring 不断的发展，涉及的领域越来越多，项目整合开发需要配合各种各样的文件，慢慢变得不那么易用简单，违背了最初的理念，甚至人称配置地狱。Spring Boot 正是在这样的一个背景下被抽象出来的开发框架，目的为了让大家更容易的使用 Spring 、更容易的集成各种常用的中间件、开源软件；</p>
<p>​    Spring Boot 基于 Spring 开发，Spirng Boot 本身并不提供 Spring 框架的核心特性以及扩展功能，只是用于快速、敏捷地开发新一代基于 Spring 框架的应用程序。也就是说，它并不是用来替代 Spring 的解决方案，而是和 Spring 框架紧密结合用于提升 Spring 开发者体验的工具。SpringBoot以<strong>约定大于配置的核心思想</strong>，默认帮我们进行了很多设置，多数Spring Boot应用只需要很少的Spring配置。同时它继承了大量常用的第三方库配置（例如 Redis、MongoDB、Jpa、RabbitMQ、Quartz 等等），Spring Boot 应用中这些第三方库几乎可以零配置的开箱即用。</p>
<p>​    简单来说就是SpringBoot其实不是什么新的框架，它默认配置了很多框架的使用方式，就想maven整合了所有jar包，spring boot整合了所有的框架。</p>
<p>​    Spring Boot出生名门，从一开始就站在一个比较高的气垫，又经过这几年的发展，生态足够完美，SpringBoot已经当之无愧的成为Java领域最热门的技术。</p>
<p><strong>Spring Boot的主要优点：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>为所有Spring开发者更快的入门</li>
<li>开箱即用，提供各种默认配置来简化项目配置</li>
<li>内嵌式容器简化Web项目</li>
<li>没有冗余代码生成和XML配置的要求。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="1-4-微服务"><a href="#1-4-微服务" class="headerlink" title="1.4 微服务"></a>1.4 微服务</h3><p>微服务论文地址：<a href="https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html</a></p>
<p>微服务论文中文翻译版地址： <a href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/d32b053e86e1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.jianshu.com/p/d32b053e86e1</a></p>
<p>中文防挂链接： <a href="https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42236165/article/details/92979025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42236165/article/details/92979025</a></p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200324092504.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="2-Hello-World"><a href="#2-Hello-World" class="headerlink" title="2. Hello,World"></a>2. Hello,World</h2><h3 id="2-1-准备工作"><a href="#2-1-准备工作" class="headerlink" title="2.1 准备工作"></a>2.1 准备工作</h3><p>​    学习如何快速的创建一个Spring Boot应用，并且实现一个简单的Http请求处理。通过这个例子对Spring Boot有一个初步的了解，并体验其结构简单、开发快速的特性。</p>
<p>我的环境准备：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>java version &quot;1.8.0_181&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>Maven-3.6.1</code></li>
<li><code>SpringBoot 2.x 最新版</code></li>
</ul>
<p>开发工具：</p>
<ul>
<li>IDEA</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-创建项目的两种方式"><a href="#2-2-创建项目的两种方式" class="headerlink" title="2.2 创建项目的两种方式"></a>2.2 创建项目的两种方式</h3><ul>
<li><p>Spring官方提供了非常方便的工具让我们快速构建应用</p>
</li>
<li><p>Spring Initializr：<a href="https://start.spring.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://start.spring.io/</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2-2-1-项目创建方式一"><a href="#2-2-1-项目创建方式一" class="headerlink" title="2.2.1 项目创建方式一"></a>2.2.1 项目创建方式一</h4><p> <strong>项目创建方式一：</strong>使用Spring Initializr 的 Web页面创建项目</p>
<p>1、打开  <a href="https://start.spring.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://start.spring.io/</a></p>
<p>2、填写项目信息</p>
<p>3、点击”Generate Project“按钮生成项目；下载此项目</p>
<p>4、解压项目包，并用IDEA以Maven项目导入，一路下一步即可，直到项目导入完毕。</p>
<p>5、如果是第一次使用，可能速度会比较慢，包比较多、需要耐心等待一切就绪。</p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200325090429.png" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="2-2-2-项目创建方式二"><a href="#2-2-2-项目创建方式二" class="headerlink" title="2.2.2  项目创建方式二"></a>2.2.2  项目创建方式二</h4><p><strong>项目创建方式二</strong>：使用 IDEA 直接创建项目</p>
<p>1、创建一个新项目</p>
<p>2、选择<code>spring initalizr</code> ， 可以看到默认就是去官网的快速构建工具那里实现</p>
<p>3、填写项目信息</p>
<p>4、选择初始化的组件（初学勾选 Web 即可）</p>
<p>5、填写项目路径</p>
<p>6、等待项目构建成功</p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200325090921.png" alt=""></p>
<h3 id="2-3-项目结构分析"><a href="#2-3-项目结构分析" class="headerlink" title="2.3 项目结构分析"></a>2.3 项目结构分析</h3><p>通过上面步骤完成了基础项目的创建。就会自动生成以下文件。</p>
<ul>
<li>程序的主启动类</li>
<li>一个<code>application.properties</code>配置文件</li>
<li>一个测试类</li>
<li>一个pom.xml</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="2-3-1-pom-xml-分析"><a href="#2-3-1-pom-xml-分析" class="headerlink" title="2.3.1 pom.xml 分析"></a>2.3.1 pom.xml 分析</h4><p>打开pom.xml，看看Spring Boot项目的依赖：</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- 父依赖 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">parent</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-parent<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>2.2.5.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">relativePath</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">parent</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- web场景启动器 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-web<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- springboot单元测试 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-test<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span>test<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">scope</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 剔除依赖 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">exclusions</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">exclusion</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.junit.vintage<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>junit-vintage-engine<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">exclusion</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">exclusions</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependencies</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">build</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">plugins</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 打包插件 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">plugin</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">plugins</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">build</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="2-4-编写一个http接口"><a href="#2-4-编写一个http接口" class="headerlink" title="2.4 编写一个http接口"></a>2.4 编写一个http接口</h3><ol>
<li><p>在主程序的同级目录下，新建一个<code>controller</code>包，<strong>一定要在同级目录下，否则识别不到</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>在包中新建一个<code>HelloController</code>类</p>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RestController</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">HelloController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/hello"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">hello</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"Hello World"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="3">
<li>编写完毕后，从主程序启动项目，浏览器发起请求，看页面返回；控制台输出了 Tomcat 访问的端口号！</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200325092020.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="3-彩蛋"><a href="#3-彩蛋" class="headerlink" title="3. 彩蛋"></a>3. 彩蛋</h2><p>​    如何更改启动时显示的字符拼成的字母，SpringBoot呢？也就是 banner 图案；</p>
<p>​    只需一步：到项目下的 resources 目录下新建一个banner.txt 即可。</p>
<p>​    图案可以到：<a href="https://www.bootschool.net/ascii" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.bootschool.net/ascii</a> 这个网站生成，然后拷贝到文件中即可！</p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200325092125.png" alt=""></p>

      
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